Terms of use

Billion Ballots is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to the Election Commission of India, any government body, or any political party or candidate. Nothing here is an official record.

The Election Commission’s own publications remain the authoritative source for every result shown. Where this site and the Commission disagree, the Commission is right — and we would like to hear about it, so that we can fix it.

The material is published for reading, research, teaching and journalism. It is not legal, electoral or professional advice, and it should not be used as evidence of any election’s outcome in any official, academic or legal proceeding without checking the primary source.

This site is assembled from decades of official records, many of them scanned documents, and it is checked by a large set of automated audits before every release. That process catches a great deal. It does not catch everything.

The material is therefore provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind — no guarantee of accuracy, completeness, or uninterrupted availability, and no promise that any particular figure is free of error. Pages may change or disappear as corrections are made.

If you find a mistake, please write to us. The verification section on the About page explains how the checks work and where the known limits are.

The constituency shapes are cartographic approximations, reconstructed for each electoral era from the best sources available for that period. Their accuracy varies by year, and each map says which grade of boundary it is drawing. They are illustrations of where an election was fought, not survey-grade data, and must not be used to determine any actual boundary on the ground.

No boundary, label or shaded area on this site is a statement of any political or territorial position, nor an assertion about any disputed area. Historical maps show the administrative arrangement of their own time, which is frequently not today’s.

Link to any page freely — every seat and every election has a permanent URL, and they are meant to be cited. Quoting figures in an article, a paper or a class is welcome; an attribution and a link back are appreciated, and help readers find the source.

The underlying election results are public records of the Election Commission of India. The boundary layers, photographs and other third-party material are each used under their own licence, and several of them are restricted — some to non-commercial use only. Those licences are listed in full on the sources and credits section, and they travel with the material: reusing a map from here does not grant you rights the licence does not give.

That is also why there is no bulk dataset download yet. If you need data for research, write and say what you need — it is usually possible to help, within what the licences allow.

Search engines are welcome, and there is a sitemap to make their job easier. Reasonable automated reading is fine too. What is asked in return is restraint: crawl at a civil rate, honour robots.txt, identify your agent honestly, and do not hammer the site in a way that degrades it for the people trying to read it. This is a free project run by one person on a small budget.

Republishing large parts of the material as your own dataset or product is a different matter, and runs into the third-party licences described above. Ask first.

Anything unclear, or a permission you would like to ask for, goes to hello@billionballots.com. See also the privacy page.

Last updated 20 September 2026